Boiling points & solubility.
A practical reference for vaporization, ethanol dilution, and carrier-oil compatibility — the physical properties that decide how a formulation behaves.
Why boiling point matters
Terpenes are volatile — that's why they carry aroma. In vaporization applications, boiling point determines the order and temperature at which each compound is released. Low-boiling monoterpenes such as limonene and pinene arrive first, while heavier sesquiterpenes like caryophyllene surface later. A balanced blend spans this range so the profile unfolds rather than flashing all at once.
Common terpene boiling points
| Terpene | CAS | Boiling Point (approx.) |
|---|---|---|
| α-Pinene | 80-56-8 | 155–156 °C |
| β-Caryophyllene | 87-44-5 | 129–130 °C |
| D-Limonene | 5989-27-5 | 175–176 °C |
| β-Myrcene | 123-35-3 | 165–167 °C |
| Linalool | 78-70-6 | 198–199 °C |
| Terpinolene | 586-62-9 | 185–186 °C |
| α-Humulene | 6753-98-6 | 166–168 °C |
| β-Ocimene | 13877-91-3 | 73–74 °C |
Values are approximate and depend on measurement conditions; always confirm against the COA for the specific batch.
Solubility
Most terpenes are non-polar and hydrophobic. They mix readily with ethanol and most organic solvents, but are insoluble in water. In practice this means:
- Ethanol is the standard diluent for liquid and sprayable formulations.
- Carrier oils (MCT, hemp seed, or jojoba) hold terpenes well and are preferred for ingestible and topical products.
- Propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG) are common in vapor systems, though terpenes are more soluble in PG than VG.
Dilution ratios
Terpenes are concentrated — 1–5% by volume is a typical starting range for a finished product, depending on the application and the strength of the profile. Staying in this range avoids over-flavoring and keeps the formulation stable. Water-based systems generally require an emulsifier or a carrier solvent because terpenes will not dissolve on their own.
Need a blend tuned to a specific vaporization curve or solubility profile? Our Order to Make team formulates from 16oz with full documentation — discuss your target profile.